Fast 3D echo planar SSFP-based ¹H spectroscopic imaging: demonstration on the rat brain in vivo

Abstract 

A fast proton spectroscopic imaging pulse sequence based on the condition of steady-state free precession is presented. High 3D spatial and temporal resolution is achieved using simultaneous detection of both one spatial and one spectral dimension, with a time-dependent gradient cycle known from echo planar imaging. Additionally, in order to increase the spectral width of the measurement, an interleaved acquisition scheme is shown either for systems with limited gradient switching capabilities or applications with a wide chemical shift range. The pulse sequence is implemented on a standard 4.7-T nuclear magnetic resonance animal imaging system. Measurements with a total measurement time of less than 2.5 min and a nominal voxel size of 6.75 μl using a total of 64×32×16 voxels are performed on phantoms and healthy rat brain in vivo allowing the rapid detection of signals from both uncoupled and J-coupled spin systems with high signal-to-noise ratio.

Keywords: Spectroscopic imaging, Steady state free precession, Echo-planar encoding, Rat brain, 1-H