Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Volume 28, Issue 7 , Pages 995-1003 , September 2010

Comparison of α-chloralose, medetomidine and isoflurane anesthesia for functional connectivity mapping in the rat

  • Kathleen A. Williams

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10012, USA
  • ,
  • Matthew Magnuson

      Affiliations

    • Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
  • ,
  • Waqas Majeed

      Affiliations

    • Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
  • ,
  • Stephen M. LaConte

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 76798, USA
  • ,
  • Scott J. Peltier

      Affiliations

    • Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  • ,
  • Xiaoping Hu

      Affiliations

    • Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
  • ,
  • Shella D. Keilholz

      Affiliations

    • Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 404 727 2433; fax: +1 404 727 9873.

Received 17 July 2009 ,Revised 18 January 2010 ,Accepted 11 March 2010.

References 

  1. Biswal B, Yetkin FZ, Haughton VM, Hyde JS. Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1995;34(4):537–541
  2. Biswal B, Hudetz AG, Yetkin FZ, Haughton VM, Hyde JS. Hypercapnia reversibly suppresses low-frequency fluctuations in the human motor cortex during rest using echo-planar MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997;17(3):301–308
  3. Biswal BB, Van Kylen J, Hyde JS. Simultaneous assessment of flow and BOLD signals in resting-state functional connectivity maps. NMR Biomed. 1997;10(4–5):165–170
  4. Peltier SJ, Noll DC. T(2)(⁎) dependence of low frequency functional connectivity. Neuroimage. 2002;16(4):985–992
  5. Cordes D, Haughton VM, Arfanakis K, Wendt GJ, Turski PA, Moritz CH, et al. Mapping functionally related regions of brain with functional connectivity MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(9):1636–1644
  6. Song M, Zhou Y, Li J, Liu Y, Tian L, Yu C, et al. Brain spontaneous functional connectivity and intelligence. Neuroimage. 2008;41(3):1168–1176
  7. Calhoun VD, Maciejewski PK, Pearlson GD, Kiehl KA. Temporal lobe and “default” hemodynamic brain modes discriminate between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hum Brain Mapp. 2008;29(11):1265–1275
  8. Sorg C, Riedl V, Muhlau M, Calhoun VD, Eichele T, Laer L, et al. Selective changes of resting-state networks in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(47):18760–18765
  9. Wang K, Liang M, Wang L, Tian L, Zhang X, Li K, et al. Altered functional connectivity in early Alzheimer's disease: a resting-state fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007;28(10):967–978
  10. Brinker G, Bock C, Busch E, Krep H, Hossmann KA, Hoehn-Berlage M. Simultaneous recording of evoked potentials and T2⁎-weighted MR images during somatosensory stimulation of rat. Magn Reson Med. 1999;41(3):469–473
  11. Logothetis NK, Pauls J, Augath M, Trinath T, Oeltermann A. Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature. 2001;412(6843):150–157
  12. Huttunen JK, Grohn O, Penttonen M. Coupling between simultaneously recorded BOLD response and neuronal activity in the rat somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage. 2008;39(2):775–785
  13. Williams KA, Peltier S, LaConte S, Keilholz SD. MRI evidence of resting state connectivity in rodent brain. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med. 2006;2119
  14. Majeed WM, Magnuson M, Keilholz SD. Spatiotemporal dynamics of low frequency fluctuations in BOLD fMRI of the rat. J Magn Reson Imag. 2009;30:384–393
  15. Lu H, Zuo Y, Gu H, Waltz JA, Zhan W, Scholl CA, et al. Synchronized delta oscillations correlate with the resting-state functional MRI signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(46):18265–18269
  16. Zhao F, Zhao T, Zhou L, Wu Q, Hu X. BOLD study of stimulation-induced neural activity and resting-state connectivity in medetomidine-sedated rat. Neuroimage. 2008;39(1):248–260
  17. Kannurpatti SS, Biswal BB, Kim YR, Rosen BR. Spatio-temporal characteristics of low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations in isoflurane-anesthetized rat brain. Neuroimage. 2008;40(4):1738–1747
  18. Pawela CP, Biswal BB, Cho YR, Kao DS, Li R, Jones SR, et al. Resting-state functional connectivity of the rat brain. Magn Reson Med. 2008;59(5):1021–1029
  19. Birn RM, Diamond JB, Smith MA, Bandettini PA. Separating respiratory-variation-related fluctuations from neuronal-activity-related fluctuations in fMRI. Neuroimage. 2006;31(4):1536–1548
  20. Katura T, Tanaka N, Obata A, Sato H, Maki A. Quantitative evaluation of interrelations between spontaneous low-frequency oscillations in cerebral hemodynamics and systemic cardiovascular dynamics. Neuroimage. 2006;31(4):1592–1600
  21. Austin VC, Blamire AM, Allers KA, Sharp T, Styles P, Matthews PM, et al. Confounding effects of anesthesia on functional activation in rodent brain: a study of halothane and alpha-chloralose anesthesia. Neuroimage. 2005;24(1):92–100
  22. Weber R, Ramos-Cabrer P, Wiedermann D, van Camp N, Hoehn M. A fully noninvasive and robust experimental protocol for longitudinal fMRI studies in the rat. Neuroimage. 2006;29(4):1303–1310
  23. Masamoto K, Kim T, Fukuda M, Wang P, Kim SG. Relationship between neural, vascular, and BOLD signals in isoflurane-anesthetized rat somatosensory cortex. Cereb Cortex. 2007;17(4):942–950
  24. Lu HGL, Rea W, Stein EA, Yang Y. Resting-state functional connectivity in rat brain. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med. 2006;532:
  25. Strupp JP. Stimulate: a GUI based fMRI analysis software package. Neuroimage. 1996;3(3):S607
  26. Cox RW. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput Biomed Res. 1996;29(3):162–173
  27. Keilholz SD, Silva AC, Raman M, Merkle H, Koretsky AP. Functional MRI of the rodent somatosensory pathway using multislice echo planar imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2004;52(1):89–99
  28. Keilholz SD, Silva AC, Raman M, Merkle H, Koretsky AP. BOLD and CBV-weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging of the rat somatosensory system. Magn Reson Med. 2006;55(2):316–324
  29. Silva AC, Koretsky AP. Laminar specificity of functional MRI onset times during somatosensory stimulation in rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99(23):15182–15187
  30. Cordes D, Haughton VM, Arfanakis K, Carew JD, Turski PA, Moritz CH, et al. Frequencies contributing to functional connectivity in the cerebral cortex in “resting-state” data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22(7):1326–1333
  31. Glover GH, Li TQ, Ress D. Image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects in fMRI: RETROICOR. Magn Reson Med. 2000;44(1):162–167
  32. Hu X, Le TH, Parrish T, Erhard P. Retrospective estimation and correction of physiological fluctuation in functional MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1995;34(2):201–212
  33. Peltier SJ, Kerssens C, Hamann SB, Sebel PS, Byas-Smith M, Hu X. Functional connectivity changes with concentration of sevoflurane anesthesia. NeuroReport. 2005;16(3):285–288
  34. Kiviniemi VJ, Haanpaa H, Kantola JH, Jauhiainen J, Vainionpaa V, Alahuhta S, et al. Midazolam sedation increases fluctuation and synchrony of the resting brain BOLD signal. Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;23(4):531–537
  35. Luckl J, Keating J, Greenberg JH. alpha-Chloralose is a suitable anesthetic for chronic focal cerebral ischemia studies in the rat: a comparative study. Brain Res. 2008;1191:157–167
  36. Jang HS, Choi HS, Lee SH, Jang KH, Lee M-G. Evaluation of the anaesthetic effects of medetomidine and ketamine in rats and their reversal with atipamezole. Vet Anaest Analgesia. 2009;36:319–327
  37. Ferron J-F, Kroeger D, Chever O, Amzica F. Cortical inhibition during burst suppression induced with isoflurane anesthesia. J Neuroscience. 2009;29(31):9850–9860
  38. Maandag NJG, Coman D, Sanganahalli BG, Herman P, Smith AJ, Blumenfeld H, et al. Energetics of neuronal signaling and fMRI activity. PNAS. 2007;104(51):20546–20551
  39. Osol GHW. Spontaneous vasomotion in pressurized cerebral arteries from genetically hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol. 1988;254:H28–H33
  40. Vern BA, Leheta BJ, Juel VC, LaGuardia J, Graupe P, Schuette WH. Interhemispheric synchrony of slow oscillations of cortical blood volume and cytochrome aa3 redox state in unanesthetized rabbits. Brain Res. 1997;775(1–2):233–239
  41. Kleinfeld D, Mitra PP, Helmchen F, Denk W. Fluctuations and stimulus-induced changes in blood flow observed in individual capillaries in layers 2 through 4 of rat neocortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95(26):15741–15746
  42. Mayhew JEW, Askew S, Zheng Y, Porrill J, Westby GWM, Redgrave P, et al. Cerebral vasomotion: a 0.1-Hz oscillation in reflected light imaging of neural activity. NeuroImage. 1996;4(3):183–193

PII: S0730-725X(10)00070-6

doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.03.007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Volume 28, Issue 7 , Pages 995-1003 , September 2010