Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Volume 28, Issue 7 , Pages 1014-1021 , September 2010

Simulating the effects of time-varying magnetic fields with a realistic simulated scanner

  • Ivana Drobnjak

      Affiliations

    • Center for Medical Image Computing, University College London WC1E 6BT, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.
  • ,
  • Gaby S. Pell

      Affiliations

    • Brain Research Institute, Florey Neurosciences Institute, Melbourne, 3081 Australia
  • ,
  • Mark Jenkinson

      Affiliations

    • Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK

Received 14 October 2009 ,Revised 3 February 2010 ,Accepted 5 March 2010.

References 

  1. Weissleder R, Elizondo G, Wittenberg J, Rabito CA, Bengele HH, Josephson L. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: characterization of a new class of contrast agent for MR imaging. Radiology. 1990;175:489–493
  2. Callaghan PT, Stepisnik J. Spatially-distributed pulsed gradient spin echo NMR using single-wire proximity. Phys Rev Lett. 1995;75(24):4532–4535
  3. Renvall V, Joensuu R, Hari R. Functional phantom for FMRI: a feasibility study. Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;24:315–320
  4. Scott G, Joy M, Armstrong R, Pu R, Henkelman . current density imaging in homogenous media. Magn Reson Med. 1992;28:186–201
  5. Joy M, Scott G, Henkelman M. In vivo detection of applied electric currents by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 1989;7:89–94
  6. Pell G, Abbott D, Fleming S, Prichard J, Jackson G. Further steps toward direct magnetic resonance (MR) imaging detection of neural action currents: optimization of MR sensitivity to transient and weak currents in a conductor. Magn Reson Med. 2006;55(5):1038–1046
  7. Petridou N, Plenz D, Silva A, Loew M, Bodurka J, Bandettini A. Direct magnetic resonance detection of neuronal electrical activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(43):16015–16020
  8. Faber C, Heil C, Zahneisen B, Balla D, Bowtell R. Sensitivity to local dipole fields in the CRAZED experiment: an approach to bright spot MRI. J Magn Reson. 2006;182:315–324
  9. Bowtell R, Bowley R. Analytic calculations of the E-fields induced by the time-varying magnetic fields generated by the cylindrical gradient coils. Magn Reson Med. 2000;44:782–790
  10. Bodurka J, Bandettini P. Toward direct mapping of neuronal activity: MRI detection of ultraweak, transient magnetic field changes. Magn Reson Med. 2002;47:1052–1058
  11. Bodurka J, Bandettini P. EPI magnitude signal formation in the proximity of straight conductor subjected to a weak electric current. In: In Proceedings of the ISMRM. Berlin: ISMRM; 2007;p. 1976
  12. Cassara A, Hagberg G, Bianciardi M, Migliore M, Maraviglia B. Realistic simulations of neuronal activity: a contribution to the debate on direct detection of neuronal currents in MRI. Neuroimage. 2007;39:87–106
  13. Konn D, Gowland P, Bowtell R. MRI detection of weak magnetic fields due to an extended current dipole in a conducting sphere: a model for direct detection of neuronal currents in the brain. Magn Reson Med. 2003;50(1):40–49
  14. Drobnjak I, Gavaghan D, Süli E, Pitt-Francis J, Jenkinson M. Development of a fMRI simulator for modelling realistic rigid-body motion artifacts. Magn Reson Med. 2006;56(2):364–380

PII: S0730-725X(10)00092-5

doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.03.029

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Volume 28, Issue 7 , Pages 1014-1021 , September 2010